Table of content Americanization

1. Introduction

1.1 Purposes of the part on Americanization and the relationship to the parts of Europeanization and Globalization of Swiss law and legal culture

1.2 Swiss law and legal culture faced with the trend to Americanization after World War II – Elements and causes of the accelerated change – from Pax Americana to Lex Americana and beyond?

1.3 Relevance of the accelerated trend to Americanization after World War II for Swiss law and legal culture

1.4 Milestones of “travels” and “impacts” of American Law on Swiss law and legal culture

1.5 Types and Examples of “travels” and “impacts” of American Law on Swiss law and legal culture

1.6 Lex Americana? – considerations on the diversity and specificity of the “travels” and “impacts” of American law on Swiss law and legal culture after World War II

1.7 Characteristics and peculiarities of dealing with the process of Americanization of Swiss law and legal culture in Switzerland

1.8 Characteristics and peculiarities of the selection of texts and of authors dealing with process of Americanization of Swiss law and legal culture in Switzerland

2. Texts

A. A cultural exchange and encounter – “travels” and “impacts” of Swiss legal culture on the legal culture of the United States
a) impacts and radiation on the legal culture of the United States from the American Revolution to the founding of modern Switzerland in 1848

2.1 James H. Hutson, Swiss and the American Revolution, excerpt, in The Sister Republics, Switzerland and the United States from 1776 to the Present, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 1991, p.13 – 23

2.2 Paul Widmer, Der Einfluss der Schweiz auf die amerikanische Verfassung von 1787, in Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte, 1988, S.359-389
[The Influence of Switzerland on the American Constitution of 1787]

2.3 The Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay, excerpt: The Federalist, No. 19: James Madison (with the assistance of Alexander Hamilton), Bantam Classic edition, reissue 2003, New York, p. 106-112

2.4 The Antifederalist, writing by the opponents of the Constitution, ed Herbert J. Storing, Chicago and London 1981, excerpt: A Farmer, 28. March 1788, p. 265-272

2.5 James H. Hutson, Swiss and the American Constitution, excerpt, in The Sister Republics, Switzerland and the United States, from 1776 to the Present, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 1991, p. 24 – 31

2.6 Albert Gallatin, Memorandum on Louisiana Purchase (1803), in Melvin I. Urofsky/ Paul Finkelman, Documents of American Constitutional History, volume I, 2002, p. 162-165

2.7 Gordon A. Craig, The Economic Takeoff, excerpt, in The Triumph of Liberalism, Zurich in the Golden Age 1830 – 1869, New York – London, 1988, p.95 – 120

b) Impacts and radiation on the legal culture of the United States before and after the Civil War

2.8 District Court, N.D. California, UNITED STATES V: SUTTER; June 10th 1861 (Westlaw, Hoff. Dec. 27, 27FOO8.1368 and Supreme Court of the United States No. 258, The United States, Appellants vs John A. Sutter – Appeal from the District Court U.S. for the Northern District of California (Westlaw.69US.562.1864WL6589 (U.S.Cal.)

2.9 Johann August Sutter, excerpts, Die Besitznahme des Landes durch die Vereinigten Staaten, Der Bau der Mühlen und die Entdeckung des Goldes, Das Goldfieber, Der Zusammenbruch, in Neu-Helvetien, Lebenserinne-rungen des Generals Johann August Sutter, transcribed and edited by Erwin E. Gudde, Frauenfeld und Leipzig, 1934, p.83-110
[Transcribed memoirs of Johann August Sutter, excerpts on taking of possession by the United States, the construction of the mills and the discovery of gold, the goldfever in the goldrush, and the collaps]

2.10 Blaise Cendrars, in Gold: The Marvellous History of General John August Sutter, chapters 6, para 25, and chapters 7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 1925, translated from the French, L’Or, ou la merveilleuse histoire du Genéral Johann August Sutter, Edition Denoel, Paris, 1947, 1961, 2001, translation first published 1982, p. 71 – 128

2.11 Stefan Zweig, The Discovery of Eldorado – J. A. Sutter, California, January 1848, in Decisive Moments in History, Twelve Historical Minia-tures, Arlachne Press, 1999, german original text first published in Leipzig 1927, Die Entdeckung Eldorados – J. A. Sutter, Kalifornien, Januar 1848 in Sternstunden der Menschheit, Leipzig 1927, first published as “Film eines phantastischen Lebens“ Johann August Sutter on April 25th 1926 in the Neue Freie Presse, Vienna

2.12 James Hutson, Swiss and the American Civil War, excerpt, in The Sister Republics, Switzerland and the United States from 1776 to the Present, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 1991, p. 42 – 50

2.13 Heinz K. Meier, The Period of the Civil War, excerpt, in The United States and Switzerland in the Nineteenth Century, The Hague, 1963, p.70-91

2.14 Alan Dershowitz, excerpts, Introduction Part V, The Civil War, and The Trial of Captain Henry Wirz in America on Trial, Inside the Legal Battles that Transformed our Nation, New York, Boston, 2004, p.133 – 138 and p. 146 – 151

2.15 The Court Martial of Henri Wirz – General Court Martial orders No 607 – Executive Mansion November 3, 1865 – Court Martial of Henri Wirz Charges and Specifications (www.civilwarhome.com/ch- argesandspeci-fictions/htm) – Finding of the Court (civilwarhome.com/findingofcourt.htm) – (www.civilwarhome.com/ wirzcourtmartial)

c) Impacts and radiation on the legal culture of the United States before and after the turn of the 20th century

2.16 James H. Hutson, Swiss-American Peacemaking: The Alabama Affair and the League of Nations, excerpt, in The Sister Republics, Switzerland and the United States, from 1776 to the Present, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 1991, p. 51 – 57

2.17 William E. Rappard, The Initiative, Referendum and Recall in Switzerland, in William E. Rappard: Varia Politica, publiés ou réimprimés à l’occasion du soixante-dixième anniversaire de William E. Rappard Zürich 1953, p. 121-155

2.18 James H. Hutson, Swiss and American States Constitutions, excerpt, in The Sister Republics, Switzerland and the United States from 1776 to the Present, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 1991, p. 58 – 65

2.19 Heinz K. Meier, Rappard, Wilson and the League of Nations, excerpt, in Friendship under Stress, US – Swiss Relations 1900 – 1950, Berne, 1970, p. 107 – 123

2.20 Raymond R. Probst, “Good offices”; in The light of Swiss international practice and experience, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 1989; excerpt: Chapter III, “Good offices”: The Swiss experience, p. 17-70

2.21 Louis Menand, excerpt, Agassiz, p. 97 – 116 and Brazil, p 116 – 148 in The Metaphysical Club – A story of ideas in America, New York, 2001

2.22 Stephen Jay Gould, Louis Agassiz, – America’s theorist of polygeny, excerpt, in the Mismeasure of Man, revised and expanded, New York, 1980, 1996, p. 74 – 82

2.23 Interpellation 07.3486, Louis Agassiz vom Sockel holen und dem Sklaven Renty die Würde zurückgeben, eingereicht am 22. Juni 2007 und Antwort des Bundesrats vom 12. September 2007
[Parliamentary interpellation by a member of the house of representatives requesting a judgement of the Federal Council on alleged contents of racism in Louis Agassiz publications and requesting the renaming of the mountain peak Piz Agassiz to “Rentyhorn”, Renty being a slave of which Louis Agassiz allegedly used a photograph as a “scientific proof” on the inferiority of the “black race”]

d) observations and perception of Swiss law and legal culture by non-Swiss authors

2.24 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, edited by J.P Mayer, 1994, excerpt: What distinguishes the Federal Constitution of the United States of America from another Federal Constitution, p. 155-157

2.25 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, edited by J.P Mayer, 1994; excerpt: Appendix II Report given before the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences on January 15, 1848 on the subject of M. Cherbuliez Book entitled On Democracy in Switzerland, p. 736-749

e) impacts of institutions and traditions of Swiss law and legal culture on American social sciences

2.26 Karl W. Deutsch, Die Schweiz als ein paradigmatischer Fall politischer Integration, Bern, 1976, p. 8-64, geringfügig überarbeitete Abschrift der Tonband-Aufzeichnung von Daniel Frei des von Karl Deutsch in der Schweiz in deutscher Sprache gehaltenen Vortrages
[Switzerland as a paradigmatic case of political integration]

B. A cultural exchange and encounter – “travels” and “impacts” of US legal culture on the legal culture of Switzerland
a) impacts and radiation on the legal culture of Switzerland from the American States Constitution to the Civil War

2.27 William Rappard, Pennsylvania and Switzerland; the Americanisation of the Swiss Constitution, 1848 in Varia Politica, publiés ou réinprimés à l’occasion du soixante-dixième anniversaire de William E. Rappard, Zurich, 1953 p. 316-338

2.28 James H. Hutson, Americans and the Swiss constitution of 1848, excerpt, in The Sister Republics, Switzerland and the United States from 1776 to the Present, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 1991, p. 32 – 41

2.29 Alfred Kölz, Neuere Schweizerische Verfassungsgeschichte, Ihre Grundlinien vom Ende der alten Eidgenossenschaft bis 1848, Berne 1992; excerpt: 8. Forderungen nach geschriebener Verfassung, Verfassungsän-derung und Verfassungsrat, p. 54-57
[Claims for a written Constitution, constitutional amendments and constitutional conventions]

2.30 Alfred Kölz, Neuere Schweizerische Verfassungsgeschichte, Ihre Grundlinien vom Ende der alten Eidgenossenschaft bis 1848, Berne 2004; excerpt: 28. Kapitel, Staatsideen aus dem „atlantischen“ Raum, p. 919-920
[Ideas of government originating in the “atlantic” area]

b) Impacts and radiation on the legal culture of Switzerland from the Civil War to the turn of the 20th century

2.31 Johann Jakob Rüttimann, Vorrede, excerpt, in Das nordamerikanische Bundesstaatsrecht verglichen mit den politischen Einrichtungen der Schweiz, Zurich, 1867, p. IV – VIII
[Words of introduction to a monograph comparing the north American and Swiss constitutional law]

2.32 Emilie Kempin-Spiry, Die Rechtsquellen der Gliedstaaten und Territorien der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika: Mit vornehmlicher Berücksichti-gung des bürgerlichen Rechts, Zurich, 1892, reprinted 2013, 78 pages
[The sources of law in the States and the Territories of the United States of America, with specific reference to civil law]

2.33 Eveline Hasler, excerpts, in Flying with WIngs of Wax – A biographical novel, The Story of Emily Kempin-Spyri, translated and published 1993, New York, originally published in German, Die Wachsflügelfrau, Zürich, 1991

c) impacts and radiation on Swiss law and legal culture after World War II

2.34 Wolfgang Wiegand, Die Rezeption des amerikanischen Rechts, in Die schweizerische Rechtsordnung in ihren internationalen Bezügen, Festschrift zum Juristentag 1988, Bern 1988, p. 229-262
[The reception of American law]

2.35 Jens Drolshammer, excerpt: The Role and the Tendencies of Americanization for Legal Systems, Legal Professions and Legal Educations in the Area of the International Practice of Law, in The Effects of Globalization on Legal Education, Zurich, 2003, p.1 – 63

2.36 Regina Kiener/ Raphael Lanz, Amerikanisierung des schweizerischen Rechts – und ihre Grenzen, „Adversarial Legalism“ und schweizerische Rechtsordnung, Zeitschrift für Schweizerisches Recht, Band 119, 2000, I. Halbband, Heft 2, S. 155-174
[Americanization of Swiss law – and its limits; “Adversarial Legalism” and Swiss law]

d) impacts on Swiss business law

2.37 Peter Böckli, Osmosis of Anglo-Saxon Concepts in Swiss Business Law, in The International Practice of Law, Liber Amicorum für Thomas Bär und Robert Karrer, ed. Nedim Vogt et al., Basle, Frankfurt am Main, 1997, p. 9-29

e) impacts on Swiss legislation

2.38 Heinrich Koller, Die Amerikanisierung des Schweizerischen Rechts – Beispiele aus der Gesetzgebung, in Jens Drolshammer, „From the Horse’s Mouth“ – Rechtsberufe am Wind der Amerikanisierung: Betrof-fenheit und Umgang mit der amerikanischen Rechtskultur durch Leiter von Rechtsabteilungen schweizerischer multinationaler Unternehmungen, durch international tätige Rechtsanwälte, Verwaltungs- und Regulie-rungsbehörden sowie durch Gerichte in der Schweiz und Europa, 2007/2008, in Jens Drolshammer, A Timely Turn to the Lawyer?, Globali-sierung und die Anglo-Amerikanisierung von Recht und Rechtsberufen – Essays. Zurich/Baden-Baden, 2009, p. 215 – 22
[Americanization of Swiss law – examples from legislation]

f) impacts on Swiss courts

2.39 Heinz Aemisegger, Die Bedeutung des US-amerikanischen Rechts bzw. der Rechtskultur des common law in der Praxis schweizerischer Gerichte – am Beispiel des Bundesgerichts, Archiv für Juristische Praxis, 2008, p. 18-30
[The significance of US-American law and legal culture of the common law in the practice of Swiss courts – The example of the Swiss Federal Tribunal]

g) impacts on Swiss legal science

2.40 Peter Nobel, Wirtschaftsrecht?, in Wirtschaft in Theorie und Praxis, Festschrift für Roland von Büren, ed. Peter V. Kunz, Dorothea Herren, Thomas Cottier, René Matteotti, Basle, 2009, p. 973-992
[Economic Law?]

2.41 Peter Saladin, 1. Kapitel: Die Religionsfreiheit, excerpt in Grundrechte im Wandel, Die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichts in einer sich wandeln-den Welt, Berne, 3. Auf., 1982, p. 2-21
[freedom of religion, evolving fundamental rights in the judgments of the Swiss Federal Tribunal]

h) impacts on Swiss legal professions

2.42 Jens Drolshammer, The Global Groove of the Harvard Yard – Personal aspects of the person in the Globalisation and the Anglo-Americanisation of law and legal professions, in Zeitschrift für Schweizerisches Recht, 2009, p. 317-352

2.43 Jens Drolshammer, Zur Situationalität der Unternehmensjuristen als International Lawyers im Spannungsfeld von Globalisierung und Anglo-Amerikanisierung, in In-House-Counsel in internationalen Unternehmen, ed. S. Hambloch-Gesinn, Beat Hess, Andreas L. Meier, Reto Schiltknecht, Christian Wind, Basle 2010, p. 263-279
[The situationality of the enterprise lawyer as international lawyer in the tension between globalization and anglo-americanization]

i) Neutrality, Morality and the Holocaust – “case” study

2.44 Daniel Frei, Das Washingtoner Abkommen von 1946: Ein Beitrag der schweizerischen Aussenpolitik zwischen dem Zweiten Weltkrieg und dem Kalten Krieg, in Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte, Band 19 (1969), Heft 3, p. 567 – 619, link http://retro.seals.ch/openurl?rft.issn=0036-7834&rft.date=1969&lPage=567&PDFRequested=true
[The Washington Accord of 1946]

2.45 Dietrich Schindler, Neutrality and Morality; Developments in Switzerland and in the International Community, in American University International Law Review, Volume 14, 1998, p. 155 – 170

2.46 Detlev Vagts, Editorial Comment, Switzerland, International Law and World War II, in American Journal of International Law, 1997, S. 466-475

2.47 Stuart E. Eizenstat, Foreword; Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, Special Envoy of the Department of State on Property Restitution in Central and Eastern Europe, U.S. and Allied Efforts to Recover and Restore Gold and Other Assets Stolen or Hidden by Germany During World War II, Prepared by William Slany, The Historian, Department of State with the Participation of various Departments and Federal Agencies, May 1997, p. III – XII

2.48 Detlev Vagts, Jens Drolshammer and Peter Murray, Mit Prozessieren den Holocaust bewältigen? Die Rolle des Zivilrechts und Zivilprozesses beim Versuch der Wiedergutmachung internationaler Katastrophen, in: Zeitschrift für Schweizerisches Recht (ZSR) Vol. 118, 1999, p. 511-528.
[Litigating the Holocaust?- the role of civil law and civil procedure in attempting to redress international calamities]

2.49 Thomas Maissen, V Worum ging es?, excerpt from Verweigerte Erinnerung, Nachrichtenlose Vermögen und die Schweizer Weltkriegsde-batte 1989-2004, Zurich, p. 645 – 662
[the crux of the debates on dormant accounts in Switzerland ]

j) impacts on Swiss law in conflicts of jurisdictions with the United States – case study- the UBS case as an example

2.50 CASE NO: 09-20423-CIV-Gold / MCALILEY / United States of America Petitioner vs. UBS AG, Respondent / Amicus Brief of Government of Switzerland, 2009 and CASE NO: 09-20423-CIV-Gold / MCALILEY / United States of America Petitioner vs. UBS AG, Respondent / Amicus Govern-ment of Switzerland to Petitioner’s, June 3 Submission, 30 pages

2.51 Thomas Cottier / René Matteotti, The Treaty Request Agreement between the Swiss Confederation and the United States of America of August 19, 2009 (UBS-Agreement): Principles and Domestic Applicability, Legal opinion for the Federal Office of Justice of Switzerland, in Archiv für Schweizerisches Abgaberecht, December 2009 – January 2012, p. 349 – 402

2.52 Xavier Oberson, Récents développements dans le droit de l’assistance internationale en matière fiscale, notamment avec les Etats-Unis: sept leçons à tirer de « l’affaire UBS », in Genève au confluent du droit interne et du droit internationale, Mélanges offert par la Faculté de droit de l’Université de Genève à la Société Suisse des Juristes à l’occasion du Congrès 2012, Geneva – Zurich – Basle, p. 135-164
[Recent developments in the laws concerning international legal assistance in tax matters particularly as regards to the United States: seven lessons to be drawn from “UBS affair” ]

2.53 Thomas Cottier, „Tax fraud or the like“: Überlegungen und Lehren zum Legalitätsprinzip im Staatsvertragsrecht, in Zeitschrift für schweizeri-sches Recht, 2011, I, p. 97-122
[„Tax fraud or the like“: considerations and lessons learned on the principle of legality in the law of treaties]

k) impacts on Swiss legal language

2.54 Jens Drolshammer/Nedim Vogt, English as the Language of Law?, An Essay on the Legal Lingua Franca of a Shrinking World, Zurich, Basle, Geneva, 2003, p. 1-59, (with an extensive bibliography, Further Reading and References, p. 61-95)

l) impacts of US law and legal culture on foreign legal cultures from the perspective and perception of US lawyers and law professors

2.55 Arthur T. von Mehren/ Peter Murray, Law in the United States, Cambridge University Press, 2007; excerpt: final chapter The United States and the global legal community, Cambridge University Press, New York City, p. 273-298

3. Bibliographical references

4. Biographies of authors